Introduction to Affordable Housing Development

  1. For a brief history of racial and ethnic disparities in housing, see “A Very Brief History of Housing Policy and Racial Discrimination
  2. One common example of a different approach to affordability and ability to pay for housing costs is the one used in mortgage underwriting where ability to pay is treated differently. Assets and debt are considered alongside income, etc."
  3. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. “Income Limits.” Accessed August 1, 2021. https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/il.html

Organizational Considerations

Engaging the Community

  1. Source: Collective Impact Forum. “Community Engagement Toolkit,” 2017 https://www.collectiveimpactforum.org/sites/default/files/Community%20Engagement%20Toolkit.pdf
  2. Source: International Association for Public Participation: “IAP2 Spectrum.” Accessed: August 1, 2021 https://www.iap2canada.ca/resources/Documents/IAP2%20Canada-Foundations-Spectrum_revised_june_orange.pdf

Predevelopment

  1. For more information on historical and current conditions related to these topics, see the Exposing Housing Discrimination research collection by the Urban Institute: https://www.urban.org/features/exposing-housing-discrimination
  2. Centre for Excellence in Universal Design. “What is Universal Design.” Accessed: August 1, 2021. http://universaldesign.ie/What-is-Universal-Design/

Market Feasibility

  1. Colorado Housing and Finance Agency, “2020 Approved Market Analyst List,” accessed July 2, 2021, https://www.chfainfo.com/getmedia/4f7c6408-6ef5-430e-a8fe-122079bc1c81/ApprovedMarketAnalystList.pdf.
  2. Housing Toolbox for Massachusetts Communities, “Predevelopment: Site Assessment & Financial Feasibility,” accessed July 2, 2021, https://www.housingtoolbox.org/development-process/redevelopment-site-assessment.

Financial Feasibility

  1. CHFA’s 2021 QAP awards additional points to projects that target extremely low-income residents and provide supportive services to these populations at no cost to the residents. More information is available here: https://www.chfainfo.com/arh/lihtc/LIHC_Documents/2021-QAP.pdf

Project Construction

  1. The Colorado Office of Economic Development and International Trade also maintains a directory: https://oedit.colorado.gov/minority-owned-businesses
  2. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. “Chapter 8. Noncompetitive Proposals.” 2007. https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/74608C08PIHH.PDF
  3. For more information, see Colorado’s Construction Lien Law: https://constructionliens.uslegal.com/state-laws/colorado-construction-lien-law
  4. For more information, see HUD’s “Relocation Assistance to Tenants Displaced From Their Homes.” https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/tenadisp.pdf

Project Operations and Compliance

  1. For more information, see LISC’s Peer-to-Peer Learning Workbook Monitoring and Controlling Operating Expenses 
  2. For more information, see LISC’s Peer-to-Peer Learning Workbook Collecting the Rent.
  3. For more information, see Enterprise Community Partner’s Business Continuity Toolkit: https://businesscontinuity.enterprisecommunity.org/
  1. For more information, see Enterprise Community Partners’ 12 Steps to an Effective Resident Services Program,
  1. For more information, see HUD’s Addressing the digital divide and low-income households
  2. For more information, see the National Center for Mobility Management’s Affordable Housing and Transportation

Green Building and Sustainability Brief

  1. For more information on LEED v4.1, see https://www.usgbc.org/leed/v41
  2. Categories may vary based on project type
  3. For more information on LEED certification level designations and minimum program requirements, see https://www.usgbc.org/leed-tools/minimum-program-requirements
  4. For a complete list of requirements and more information on Zero Energy Ready Homes, see https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/guidelines-participating-doe-zero-energy-ready-home-program
  5. For more information on the Passive House Institute, see https://passivehouse.com/03_certification/03_certification.htm
  6. For more information on the Passive House Institute US+, see https://www.phius.org/home-page

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

  1. For a brief history of racial and ethnic disparities in housing, see “A Very Brief History of Housing Policy and Racial Discrimination
  2. The framework and questions in this worksheet drew on content in the Colorado Housing and Finance Authority’s Developer’s Guide. Additionally, this worksheet was inspired by and adapted content from the following sources: Racial Equity Toolkit: An Opportunity to Operationalize Equity (Government Alliance on Racial Equity); Power Moves (National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy); Applying a Racial Equity Lens to Housing Policy Analysis (Urban Institute); and internal materials and expertise from Enterprise Community Partners, Inc.
  1. Consider if your organization has things like a diversity, equity, and inclusion strategy; inclusive hiring goals; or inclusive procurement guidelines.
  1. For more information about assessing who is at your table, see The Collective Impact Forum, “Equity – Who is At Our Tables?” Available at http://www.collectiveimpactforum.org.
  2. For more information about assessing who is at your table, see The Collective Impact Forum, “Equity – Who is At Our Tables?” Available at http://www.collectiveimpactforum.org.
  3. Special needs population can mean different things, depending on the location where you are considering developing. For the purposes of this guide, “special needs populations” includes, but is not limited to, the following groups: veterans, people with disabilities, seniors, families, intergenerational families, persons experiencing homelessness, justice-involved individuals, and seasonal workers.
  4. This question aims to understand what is truly affordable for intended residents, which may not align with the commonly accepted standard of housing affordability (paying no more than 30 percent of household income toward housing costs).
  5. Consider things like alignment of unit size with characteristics of intended residents; accessibility features, including compliance with all ADA and Fair Housing requirements; and health and wellness features.
  6. Consider access that enhances educational and employment stability (such as proximity to job centers with living wage employment and schools); access to essential services, such as shopping and health care providers; and transportation service. Access to these destinations may vary by intended residents (for instance, proximity to schools may be less important to seniors living alone than intergenerational families or families with children).
  7. Consider things like financial education programs, saving programs, and use of shared-equity renter or homeownership models. It should be noted that shared-equity homeownership models with deed restrictions for long-term affordability may limit the possibility of home equity growth for homeowners.
  8. Consider things like use of criteria in construction bids and direct hiring of M/WBEs; businesses and firms owned by Black, Indigenous, or People of Color; or other business and firms that are owned or employ the intended residents or community residents, are representative of the intended residents or community residents, or align with broader organizational DEI goals.
  9. Project partners refer to all project partners, including professionals used, such as architects and market analysts, community engagement specialists, general contractors, service providers, project managers, and property managers or management companies.
  10. For more information about assessing who is at your table, see The Collective Impact Forum, “Equity – Who is At Our Tables?” available at http://www.collectiveimpactforum.org.
  11. For more information about assessing who is at your table, see The Collective Impact Forum, “Equity – Who is At Our Tables?” available at http://www.collectiveimpactforum.org.
  12. Consider if the marketing tactics for the property align with the intended residents’ communication needs, such as language, accessibility, medium, and messengers.
  13. Community is a complex term – it can be used to refer to a physical location, such as a neighborhood, or a collection of people with shared histories, experiences, or identities who may or may not share the same physical location (for instance, live in the same neighborhood or area). For the purposes of this self-assessment, community is used to refer to both people and their shared relationship and a physical location, such as a neighborhood or other geographically defined area.
  14. To understand different types of power, see these resources on power from the Institute of Development Studies.
  15. Self-sufficiency refers to the ability to provide for one’s own needs.
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